Interview Questions for Sensory Enhancement Techniques

Sensory modulation and sensory integration are closely related but distinct concepts within the field of sensory processing. Sensory integration refers to the neurological process of the brain organizing sensory information from the body and the environment, enabling us to adapt to our surroundings and engage in meaningful activities. Think of it as the brain’s ‘command center’ taking in all the information and making sense of it.

Sensory modulation, on the other hand, is the process by which the nervous system regulates the intensity, duration, and nature of sensory input. It’s how we manage the sensory information we receive and respond to it appropriately. A good analogy is a volume control – modulation helps us turn up or down the sensory input to a comfortable level. Someone with good sensory modulation can easily adapt to changes in their environment, while someone with poor modulation struggles to regulate their responses to sensory input. For example, someone with poor auditory modulation might find the sound of a vacuum cleaner overwhelmingly loud and distressing, while someone with good auditory modulation would likely find it merely noticeable.

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) manifests differently in individuals, but common symptoms can be grouped into difficulties with sensory modulation: Over-responsivity (hypersensitivity), Under-responsivity (hyposensitivity), and Sensory Seeking.

• Over-responsivity: This involves an exaggerated response to sensory input. A child might be extremely sensitive to loud noises, certain textures, or bright lights, leading to anxiety, meltdowns, or avoidance behaviors. For example, a child might scream and cry when exposed to a loud unexpected noise.
• Under-responsivity: This involves a muted or delayed response to sensory input. A child might not notice pain or temperature changes, seem oblivious to their surroundings, or need unusually strong sensory input to react. For instance, a child might bump into things repeatedly without awareness.
• Sensory Seeking: This involves a constant need for heightened sensory input. These individuals may crave movement, crashing into things, or actively seek out intense sensory experiences. A child might constantly bounce or spin, craving vestibular input.

It’s crucial to remember that SPD is diagnosed by qualified professionals through comprehensive assessments, considering the individual’s developmental stage and overall functioning. The symptoms above are indicators and shouldn’t be used for self-diagnosis.

The three main sensory systems are:

• Vestibular System: This system relates to balance and movement, providing information about body position and movement in space. It’s located in the inner ear. Activities like swinging or spinning stimulate this system.
• Proprioceptive System: This system relates to body awareness and the sense of where our body parts are in relation to each other and the environment. It involves information from muscles, joints, and tendons. Activities like climbing or playing with clay engage this system.
• Tactile System: This system involves the sense of touch, providing information about pressure, temperature, and pain. It’s activated through skin contact. Activities such as playing with textured materials or getting a massage activate the tactile system.

While these are the main three, it’s important to understand that all sensory systems (auditory, visual, gustatory, olfactory) work together in a complex interplay.

Three common sensory modulation strategies are:

• Heavy Work Activities: These activities involve pushing, pulling, or lifting heavy objects, providing proprioceptive input which can be calming for individuals with sensory processing challenges. Examples include wheelbarrow walks, carrying heavy bags of beans, or pushing a weighted cart.
• Deep Pressure: This involves applying firm, even pressure to the body, often using weighted blankets, vests, or lap pads. This input can be soothing and grounding. A weighted blanket, for example, provides constant deep pressure, creating a sense of security and calm.
• Movement Breaks: Incorporating short bursts of movement, like jumping jacks, running in place, or swinging, can help regulate sensory input and reduce feelings of overwhelm. For a child struggling to focus in class, a quick break involving jumping jacks can reset their sensory system.

The specific strategy used will depend on the individual’s needs and the sensory system affected.

Assessing a client’s sensory needs involves a multi-faceted approach. It’s not a one-size-fits-all process and requires a holistic understanding of the individual.

This typically includes:

• Parent/Caregiver Interviews: Gathering information about the client’s history, behaviors, and responses to different sensory experiences.
• Observations: Observing the client in various settings to note their reactions to different stimuli and their preferred activities.
• Sensory Profiles: Using standardized questionnaires or checklists to assess sensory sensitivities and preferences. These often consider the different sensory modalities.
• Occupational Therapy Assessments: A qualified occupational therapist will use standardized tests and clinical observations to identify specific sensory processing challenges and strengths.

The goal is to develop a comprehensive profile of the individual’s sensory system functioning, identifying areas of difficulty and strengths, to create a tailored sensory plan.

A sensory diet is a personalized plan of sensory activities designed to support an individual in maintaining optimal sensory processing and self-regulation. It’s not a diet in the traditional sense but a structured approach of sensory inputs aimed at providing the right amount and type of sensory stimulation throughout the day. The goal is to help an individual feel more comfortable, focused, and organized in their environment.

A sensory diet may include:

• Alerting activities: Activities that increase alertness and arousal, such as brisk walking or listening to upbeat music.
• Calming activities: Activities that reduce alertness and arousal, such as deep pressure, rocking, or listening to calming music.
• Organizing activities: Activities that help improve focus and concentration, such as chewing gum or fidgeting with a textured object.

It’s important to understand that a sensory diet is not a cure-all, but rather a support tool that’s carefully tailored to the individual’s needs and constantly evaluated for efficacy.

My experience with adaptive equipment for sensory needs has been extensive, focusing on selecting and implementing equipment to improve functional performance and participation in daily life. I’ve worked with a wide range of clients, from children with autism spectrum disorder to adults with acquired brain injuries.

Examples include:

• Weighted vests and blankets: Providing deep pressure proprioceptive input for individuals exhibiting anxiety or sensory over-responsivity.
• Noise-canceling headphones: Reducing auditory overload for those sensitive to sounds.
• Fidget toys: Providing tactile input and a means of self-regulation during stressful situations or when focused attention is needed.
• Adaptive seating options: Providing postural support and a secure feeling for individuals who benefit from a sense of containment.
• Specialized sensory swings and equipment: For vestibular input and improved body awareness.

Equipment selection is always individualized based on the client’s specific needs and preferences. The goal is not simply to provide equipment, but to teach the client how to use it effectively to enhance self-regulation and improve their quality of life. A thorough assessment is crucial before selecting and implementing any adaptive equipment. Regular follow-up and adjustments are essential to ensure continued effectiveness and address any emerging challenges.

Sensory-rich environments offer a multitude of benefits, particularly for individuals with sensory processing differences. These environments stimulate multiple senses simultaneously, promoting improved sensory regulation, cognitive development, and overall well-being. Think of it like a well-balanced meal for the brain and body.

• Improved Sensory Regulation: A carefully designed environment allows individuals to practice modulating their responses to sensory input. For example, a child who is hypersensitive to touch might gradually tolerate different textures through controlled exposure in a sensory room.
• Enhanced Cognitive Development: Sensory stimulation can significantly impact cognitive functions like attention, memory, and executive functioning. Engaging multiple senses during learning activities, such as using tactile objects or incorporating music, can improve information retention.
• Increased Social Interaction: Shared sensory experiences can foster social bonding and communication. Participating in group activities within a sensory-rich environment can facilitate social engagement for individuals who may struggle with social interaction in traditional settings.
• Reduced Stress and Anxiety: Calming sensory environments, specifically designed with muted lighting and soothing sounds, can significantly reduce stress and anxiety levels. This is particularly beneficial for individuals with autism spectrum disorder or other sensory processing challenges.

Creating a calming sensory environment involves minimizing overstimulation and incorporating elements that promote relaxation. Think of a spa-like atmosphere, but tailored to individual needs.

• Dim Lighting: Soft, diffused lighting reduces visual stimulation and promotes relaxation. Avoid bright fluorescent lights.
• Soothing Sounds: Gentle music, nature sounds, or white noise can mask distracting noises and create a peaceful ambiance. Avoid jarring or loud sounds.
• Comfortable Textures: Use soft, plush materials for seating and blankets. Incorporate weighted blankets or lap pads for deep pressure input, which can be calming for many individuals.
• Aromatic Scents: Use calming essential oils, such as lavender or chamomile, diffused into the air (always ensuring safety and checking for allergies).
• Organized Space: A clutter-free, organized space reduces visual distractions and promotes a sense of calm.

For example, a calming sensory room might include a comfortable beanbag chair, soft lighting, calming music, and a weighted blanket. The key is personalization; what’s calming for one individual might be overstimulating for another.

An energizing sensory environment aims to increase alertness and arousal, promoting focus and engagement. It’s the opposite of a calming environment – think of a vibrant playground, but controlled and structured.

• Bright Lighting: Brighter lighting (but not harsh) can improve alertness and focus.
• Upbeat Music: Energetic music with a strong beat can increase energy levels.
• Variety of Textures: Incorporate a range of textures to stimulate tactile exploration – things like rough fabrics, smooth surfaces, or even textured balls.
• Movement Activities: Incorporate activities that encourage movement and physical activity, like jumping, bouncing, or swinging.
• Visual Stimulation: Use colorful visuals, such as brightly colored toys or interactive light displays (but avoid overwhelming the individual).

For instance, an energizing sensory area might include a trampoline, a variety of textured toys, upbeat music, and brightly colored balls. The key is to provide a stimulating environment without causing sensory overload.

Sensory integration therapy presents unique challenges. One of the biggest is individual variability; each person experiences sensory input differently, requiring highly individualized approaches.

• Difficulty in Assessment: Accurately assessing sensory processing needs can be challenging, as individuals may struggle to communicate their experiences.
• Developing Therapeutic Strategies: Creating effective therapeutic strategies requires a thorough understanding of an individual’s sensory profile and the ability to adapt interventions accordingly.
• Collaboration and Communication: Effective therapy requires strong collaboration with parents, caregivers, educators, and other professionals.
• Measuring Progress: Quantifying progress can be difficult as sensory integration is often measured by observing behavioral changes rather than objective measures.
• Managing Behavior Challenges: Individuals with sensory sensitivities may exhibit challenging behaviors, requiring careful management and de-escalation techniques.

Overcoming these challenges often involves careful observation, a flexible approach, and a collaborative team. Regular reassessment and adaptation of strategies are crucial for success.

My experience working with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and sensory sensitivities has been incredibly rewarding. Many children with ASD experience sensory overload or under-responsivity, impacting their daily functioning and well-being.

I’ve used a variety of approaches, including sensory integration therapy, to help these children. This often involves creating customized sensory environments—both calming and energizing—to help them regulate their sensory input. For example, a child hypersensitive to sound might benefit from noise-canceling headphones, while a child seeking deep pressure might respond positively to weighted vests or deep touch pressure activities.

A key aspect of my work is collaborating closely with parents and educators. By sharing strategies and creating a consistent sensory approach across different environments (home, school, therapy), we can maximize the child’s success and improve their overall quality of life. Seeing these children develop greater self-regulation and improved social interaction is the most gratifying aspect of this work.

Weighted blankets and similar sensory tools, like weighted vests or lap pads, provide deep pressure input. This deep pressure can be remarkably calming and organizing for many individuals, particularly those with sensory processing challenges. The feeling of being held or hugged can provide a sense of security and reduce anxiety.

In my practice, I’ve observed how weighted blankets can help children and adults with anxiety, autism, ADHD, and other conditions to improve sleep quality, reduce anxiety symptoms, and improve overall mood. It’s important to choose the right weight; a blanket that’s too heavy can be uncomfortable or restrictive. Proper sizing and weight selection are crucial for effectiveness and safety.

The success with these tools depends heavily on individual preferences. Some clients find them incredibly helpful, while others don’t experience any benefit. It’s always essential to introduce these tools gradually and monitor the individual’s response.

Adapting therapy sessions for different sensory profiles is fundamental to effective sensory integration therapy. This requires careful assessment and individualized treatment planning.

For individuals who are hypersensitive to certain sensory inputs, I might modify the environment to minimize those inputs. For example, I’d reduce noise levels, dim lighting, or eliminate strong smells. I might also incorporate preparatory activities to gradually increase tolerance to the specific sensory input.

Conversely, for individuals who are under-responsive to sensory input, I would incorporate activities to increase stimulation. This could involve using textured materials, incorporating movement activities, or increasing the intensity of sensory input in a controlled manner. I use a variety of sensory tools and techniques, adapting them based on the individual’s unique needs and responses.

Regular monitoring of the client’s response to the therapy is key to making adjustments and ensuring the session remains therapeutic and not overly stimulating or under-stimulating. Flexibility and responsiveness are essential.

My experience with sensory integration activities spans across diverse age groups, from toddlers to adults. For toddlers, activities often involve playful exploration of textures, sounds, and movement. Think of things like playing with textured balls, listening to calming music, or engaging in gentle rocking. For school-aged children, we might incorporate activities that improve fine motor skills and focus, such as using playdough with different tools, engaging in obstacle courses, or working on puzzles. With adolescents and adults, the focus shifts towards addressing specific sensory needs and developing coping strategies. This could involve incorporating weighted blankets for calming, using noise-canceling headphones in overstimulating environments, or practicing mindfulness techniques to manage sensory sensitivities.

• Toddlers: Sensory bins with rice, beans, and small toys; parachute play; bubble blowing.
• School-aged children: Building with blocks; using a therapy ball for seating; participating in a sensory-motor gym.
• Adolescents/Adults: Deep pressure massage; aromatherapy; utilizing weighted vests or lap pads; creating a sensory diet personalized to individual needs.

Collaboration with other professionals, such as Occupational Therapists (OTs), Physical Therapists (PTs), and Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs), is absolutely crucial for effective sensory integration interventions. Each professional brings a unique perspective and skill set that contributes to a holistic approach. For instance, an OT might focus on fine motor skills and self-regulation strategies, while a PT might address gross motor skills and balance. The SLP might focus on improving oral motor skills and communication in individuals with sensory processing difficulties. By working together, we can create a comprehensive plan that addresses all aspects of the client’s needs, resulting in more effective outcomes.

For example, a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder might benefit from a collaborative approach. The OT could work on improving hand-eye coordination and sensory processing, the PT could focus on improving gross motor skills and balance, and the SLP could work on language development and social skills. This integrated approach allows us to understand and target various aspects of their sensory challenges.

Sensory processing significantly impacts learning and behavior. Children and adults who struggle to process sensory information may experience difficulties with attention, focus, and emotional regulation. For instance, a child overly sensitive to sounds might struggle to concentrate in a noisy classroom, while a child with reduced tactile sensitivity might avoid participating in activities that involve touch. Similarly, individuals who are hypersensitive to light or movement may experience anxiety or discomfort in certain environments. Understanding how sensory input impacts an individual helps to tailor learning environments and strategies to meet their specific needs. Effective sensory integration interventions can significantly improve learning outcomes and behavior by reducing sensory overload and enhancing self-regulation.

Consider a student who struggles with handwriting. This may not simply be a motor skill issue but could stem from tactile defensiveness (oversensitivity to touch). Providing adaptive writing tools or utilizing a weighted pencil can significantly improve their writing abilities.

Measuring the effectiveness of sensory integration interventions requires a multi-faceted approach. We utilize a combination of methods including observation, standardized assessments, and parent/client feedback. Observations involve carefully documenting a client’s responses to different sensory stimuli and activities. Standardized assessments, such as the Sensory Profile or the Test of Sensory Function in Infants, provide objective measures of sensory processing skills. Finally, feedback from parents and clients themselves offers valuable insights into the impact of interventions on their daily lives. We use this data to continuously monitor progress, adjust interventions as needed, and celebrate successes. We aim for improvements in functional skills, behavioral regulation, and overall quality of life.

For instance, if a child’s classroom behavior improves after implementing a sensory diet, that serves as positive evidence of the intervention’s effectiveness. Quantitative data from standardized tests, alongside qualitative feedback, creates a complete picture of progress.

I am familiar with a wide range of sensory assessment tools, both formal and informal. Formal assessments include standardized tests like the Sensory Profile, the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test, and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. These provide quantitative data to identify specific sensory processing strengths and challenges. Informal assessments involve observations, interviews with parents and caregivers, and the use of checklists to gather qualitative data about the client’s sensory preferences and responses. The selection of assessment tools is carefully tailored to each client’s age, developmental stage, and specific needs. A combination of methods provides a comprehensive understanding of the individual’s sensory profile.

For example, the Sensory Profile provides a comprehensive overview of a child’s sensory processing patterns, helping to determine areas of sensory sensitivity or under-responsivity. Observations in natural environments offer insight into the context of these challenges.

Sensory-based interventions are highly effective in managing anxiety and stress. Techniques like deep pressure therapy (weighted blankets, lap pads, hugs), slow rhythmic movements (rocking, swinging), and calming sensory environments (dim lighting, soft music) can help to regulate the nervous system and reduce feelings of anxiety. Aromatherapy with calming scents like lavender, guided imagery, and mindfulness practices can also be very helpful. These interventions help to create a sense of safety and security, allowing individuals to self-regulate and cope more effectively with stressful situations. These interventions can be used independently or integrated into a broader therapeutic approach.

A client experiencing a panic attack might find deep pressure applied to their arms or legs particularly calming. Similarly, using calming essential oils could help to reduce their anxiety levels.

Handling a client experiencing sensory overload or shutdown requires a calm and empathetic approach. The immediate priority is to reduce sensory input and help the individual to regulate their nervous system. This might involve moving them to a quieter, less stimulating environment, removing overwhelming stimuli (bright lights, loud noises), and providing deep pressure touch or other calming sensory input. It is crucial to avoid forcing interaction and to allow the individual to de-escalate at their own pace. Once calm, we can collaboratively explore what triggered the overload or shutdown and develop strategies to prevent future occurrences. This often involves creating a personalized sensory diet—a plan to manage sensory input throughout the day.

For example, if a child has a meltdown due to sensory overload in a crowded supermarket, we might take them to a quiet space, such as a car or a secluded area within the store, and offer them comfort measures like a weighted blanket or quiet music. Once calm, we would work with their parents to modify the sensory environment of future shopping trips to prevent similar episodes.

Family and caregiver involvement is crucial for successful sensory integration therapy. It’s not just about the sessions; it’s about creating a consistent and supportive environment at home. We achieve this through a collaborative approach.

• Education: I begin by thoroughly educating the family about the child’s sensory processing challenges and how they manifest. We discuss specific sensory needs and sensitivities.
• Practical Strategies: We collaboratively develop strategies the family can implement at home. This could involve modifying the environment (e.g., reducing visual clutter for a child with visual sensitivity), adjusting routines (e.g., incorporating breaks for a child who needs movement), or using specific sensory tools at home (e.g., weighted blankets, textured balls).
• Home Program: We design a simple home program that complements the therapy sessions. This program typically includes activities that target specific sensory needs identified during assessment.
• Regular Communication: We maintain open and consistent communication, encouraging the family to share observations and challenges. Regular follow-up calls and progress meetings ensure everyone is aligned.
• Empowerment: I strive to empower the family to become active participants in their child’s therapy, building confidence and fostering independence.

For instance, I worked with a family whose child had significant tactile defensiveness. After explaining the condition, we developed a plan involving gradual desensitization using various textures at home. The parents were actively involved, starting with soft textures and slowly progressing to rougher ones, celebrating small victories along the way. This consistent effort at home significantly enhanced the child’s progress.

Ethical considerations in sensory integration therapy are paramount. We must prioritize the client’s well-being and respect their autonomy. Key considerations include:

• Informed Consent: Obtaining fully informed consent from the client (or their legal guardian) is essential before commencing any therapy. This includes explaining the process, potential benefits and risks, and ensuring they understand they can withdraw at any time.
• Confidentiality: Maintaining client confidentiality is crucial, adhering to professional standards and legal requirements for data protection.
• Competence: Only qualified and experienced therapists should conduct sensory integration therapy. Continuous professional development and staying updated on evidence-based practices are vital to ensure competence.
• Beneficence and Non-maleficence: The therapist must act in the best interests of the client, avoiding harm and maximizing benefits. This includes carefully selecting activities appropriate for the individual’s needs and abilities, closely monitoring their response, and adapting the approach as needed.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Recognizing and respecting cultural differences in how sensory experiences are perceived and expressed is vital. The therapy should be tailored to the client’s unique background and cultural context.

For example, a therapist might need to modify activities for a client from a culture where certain physical touch is considered inappropriate. Open communication and understanding are key to ensuring ethical and culturally sensitive practice.

My practice is firmly rooted in evidence-based practices. I rely heavily on research-supported interventions when designing and implementing sensory integration therapy.

• Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses: I regularly consult systematic reviews and meta-analyses of relevant research to stay updated on the effectiveness of different approaches and interventions.
• Peer-Reviewed Journals: I subscribe to and actively read peer-reviewed journals in occupational therapy and related fields to gain insights into the latest research findings.
• Assessment Tools: I employ standardized and validated assessment tools to accurately evaluate sensory processing patterns and tailor interventions accordingly. This helps measure progress and demonstrate the effectiveness of therapy.
• Outcome Measures: I track client progress using reliable outcome measures, which allows for data-driven adjustments to the intervention plan.
• Continuous Learning: I actively participate in professional development courses, workshops, and conferences to maintain my knowledge of current research and best practices.

For example, when working with a child diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, I leverage evidence-based strategies like weighted vests and other proprioceptive input to regulate their sensory system. I carefully document the child’s responses and use this data to refine treatment as necessary. My commitment to evidence-based practices helps ensure I provide the most effective and appropriate care for every client.

Ensuring client safety is my top priority. A structured and well-planned approach is essential.

• Risk Assessment: Before each session, I conduct a thorough risk assessment, considering the client’s specific sensory needs, challenges, and potential safety concerns related to the planned activities.
• Appropriate Environment: The therapy environment is carefully designed to be safe and stimulating, minimizing potential hazards. This involves removing tripping hazards, securing equipment, and ensuring adequate space.
• Gradual Introduction: Activities are introduced gradually, starting with less challenging tasks and progressively increasing the intensity or complexity as the client’s tolerance and abilities improve.
• Close Supervision: I provide close supervision throughout the session, observing the client’s responses and adjusting activities as needed. This includes constant monitoring of their physical and emotional state.
• Emergency Preparedness: I am prepared for potential emergencies, having a plan in place and knowing the location of emergency exits and first-aid equipment. I’m also trained in basic first aid and CPR.
• Parental/Guardian involvement: Active parental/guardian involvement is key to ensuring ongoing safety even outside of the therapy sessions.

For example, when working with a client who is prone to falls, I might use a harness or other safety measures. This prevents accidents and fosters trust in the therapy setting, contributing to a safer and more positive experience for the client.

Sensory defensiveness is a significant challenge where individuals react negatively or excessively to sensory input. It involves heightened sensitivity and an aversion to particular types of sensory stimulation.

• Identification: The first step is careful observation and assessment to identify specific sensory triggers and the nature of the defensive response. This may involve standardized assessments and parent/caregiver reports.
• Gradual Desensitization: A key strategy is gradual desensitization, where we slowly introduce the triggering sensory input at a comfortable level. We incrementally increase the intensity or duration as the client tolerates it. This is a slow, step-by-step process.
• Sensory Diet: Creating a personalized sensory diet helps regulate the client’s sensory system and reduce their defensiveness. This involves incorporating activities that provide calming and organizing sensory input throughout the day.
• Environmental Modifications: Modifying the environment to minimize triggers is also important. This might involve reducing visual clutter, using noise-canceling headphones, or modifying textures in clothing or the home.
• Therapeutic Activities: Specific activities are used to help clients develop better coping strategies and process sensory information more effectively. This could include things like deep pressure massage, weighted blankets, or vestibular activities (movement-based).

For instance, a child with tactile defensiveness might initially react strongly to having their hair brushed. We might start with light touches, slowly transitioning to firmer brushing strokes as the child becomes more comfortable. The goal is to help them build tolerance and reduce their negative responses.

Proprioception is our sense of body position, movement, and spatial awareness. It’s the sensory feedback we get from our muscles, joints, and tendons, telling us where our body parts are in space and how they are moving. It plays a vital role in sensory integration.

• Body Awareness: Proprioception is fundamental to body awareness, allowing us to coordinate movements smoothly and efficiently. Without it, simple tasks like walking or writing become challenging.
• Postural Control: Strong proprioceptive input contributes significantly to postural control and balance. It helps us maintain an upright posture and adjust our body position in response to changes in our surroundings.
• Motor Planning and Execution: Proprioceptive information is essential for motor planning and execution. It allows us to accurately predict the consequences of our actions and adjust our movements accordingly.
• Regulation: Proprioceptive input can be highly calming and regulating for individuals with sensory processing difficulties. Activities that provide strong proprioceptive input, such as deep pressure, can help reduce anxiety and improve self-regulation.

In therapy, we utilize proprioceptive input through activities like heavy work (e.g., pushing, pulling, lifting), weighted vests or blankets, and resistance exercises. For example, a child with poor postural control might benefit from activities like carrying heavy objects, engaging in climbing, or using resistance bands. This helps improve their body awareness and coordination.

Sensory seeking, sensory avoiding, and sensory sensitivity are distinct but related aspects of sensory processing.

• Sensory Seeking: Individuals who are sensory seeking actively crave and search for sensory input. They may constantly seek out movement, intense stimuli, or unusual sensory experiences. Think of it as an “under-responsivity” to sensory input.
• Sensory Avoiding: Individuals who are sensory avoiding actively try to avoid or minimize sensory input. They may be overly sensitive to certain stimuli and react negatively when exposed to them. This is an “over-responsivity” to sensory input.
• Sensory Sensitivity: Sensory sensitivity is an umbrella term describing heightened awareness or reactivity to sensory input. Sensory avoiding and sensory seeking are both types of sensory sensitivity, but there are degrees of both, and it is not always an either/or concept. Some individuals might be sensory avoiding in one sensory system (e.g., tactile) and sensory seeking in another (e.g., vestibular).

Example: A child might be sensory seeking in terms of movement (constantly running, jumping, climbing) while simultaneously sensory avoiding in terms of touch (resisting hugs or having their hair brushed). A careful assessment is crucial to understand the specific sensory needs and preferences of each individual, designing a therapy program that addresses both avoidance and seeking behaviours effectively.